Are Amalgam Fillings Safe? What you need to know
Dental amalgam fillings are durable and widely used; major health organizations deem them safe, with rare allergic reactions.
Amalgam Fillings
25 March 2025
Amalgam fillings, a trusted staple in dentistry for over a century, are often chosen for their durability and affordability. However, concerns about the safety of amalgam, particularly regarding its mercury content, have led to increased scrutiny and debate. In this blog, we’ll explore the safety of amalgam fillings, their benefits, potential risks, and what you need to know to make informed decisions about your dental health.
What are Amalgam Fillings?
Amalgam fillings are made from metals like silver, tin, copper, and about 50% mercury. The mercury binds the other metals together, creating a durable material that can withstand the forces of chewing. Due to their strength and longevity, amalgam fillings are commonly used for filling cavities, especially in the back teeth.
Safety concerns: Mercury in Amalgam Fillings
The most common concern with amalgam fillings is the presence of mercury. Mercury is a toxic substance, and prolonged exposure to high levels can lead to mercury poisoning. However, when mercury is used in amalgam fillings, it is in a stable, solid form, which studies have shown is unlikely to be harmful under normal conditions. The mercury is locked within the filling and does not leach into the body under everyday circumstances.
That said, certain conditions may cause the release of small amounts of mercury vapour, such as when a filling is placed, removed, or undergoes wear and tear over time. While studies have shown that mercury exposure from amalgam fillings is far below harmful levels, some people remain concerned, especially those with existing mercury sensitivity or conditions like kidney disease, which may be more vulnerable to mercury exposure.
What does the Research Say?
Over the years, numerous scientific studies and health organisations, including the Australian Dental Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have concluded that amalgam fillings are generally safe for most people. Research has consistently shown minimal mercury release from filings and that they do not pose a significant risk to human health. According to the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) in Australia, there is no conclusive evidence that amalgam fillings cause adverse health effects in the general population.
However, pregnant women, young children and those with pre-existing neurological conditions or significant mercury allergies may be advised to avoid amalgam fillings. Discussing alternatives with your dentist is always a good idea if you have concerns.
Should you have your Amalgam fillings removed?
There’s no need to be concerned if you have existing amalgam fillings. However, if you’re considering dental work or have specific health concerns, here are some steps to take:
- Consult Your Dentist: Your dentist is your best resource for discussing your concerns. They can provide personalised advice based on your dental health and potential risks, guiding you towards the best decision. Consider Your Options: If you need a filling, inquire about the materials available and their pros and cons.
- Stay Informed: Keep updated with the latest dental materials, safety research, and guidelines.
Potential Risk and Concern
While amalgam fillings are generally regarded as safe, some concerns remain. These include potential mercury exposure, aesthetic considerations, and the rare possibility of allergic reactions to the metals used in amalgam fillings.
- Mercury Exposure: Although the mercury in amalgam is considered safe at the levels used, there is ongoing debate about the cumulative effects of mercury exposure from various sources.
- Aesthetic Considerations: Amalgam fillings are silver-coloured and may not match the natural colour of your teeth, which can be a concern for visible areas.
- Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may have allergic reactions to the metals used in amalgam fillings, though this is rare.
Alternatives to Amalgam Fillings
If you’re concerned about the use of amalgam fillings, several alternative materials are available. These include tooth-coloured composite resin fillings, highly aesthetic ceramic fillings, and fluoride-releasing glass ionomer fillings.
- Composite Resin: These tooth-coloured fillings blend seamlessly with your natural teeth and are suitable for front and back teeth. However, they may not be as durable as amalgam for larger fillings.
- Ceramic Fillings: Made from porcelain, these fillings are also tooth-coloured and highly aesthetic but can be more expensive.
- Glass Ionomer: This material releases fluoride and is often used to fill areas not subjected to heavy chewing pressure.
Conclusion
Amalgam fillings, considered safe for most individuals, offer a durable and cost-effective solution for cavity treatment. While concerns about mercury exposure exist, regulatory agencies affirm their safety at the levels used in dental applications. Ultimately, deciding which filling material to use should be made in consultation with your dentist, considering your health needs and preferences. Your dental health is essential, so prioritise open communication with your dental care provider to ensure you receive the best possible care.
Wrapping It Up
If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, visiting your dentist as soon as possible is essential. Early treatment can save you from more significant problems down the track and help you maintain a healthy, confident smile. At Innovative Dental, we’re here to help you determine the best treatment for your situation and ensure you receive top-notch care.
Remember, looking after your teeth isn’t just about avoiding pain; it’s about keeping your overall health in check.
The most critical factors for saving money, pain, and time are practising good oral hygiene, eating a healthy diet with less sugar, and finally, seeing your dentist regularly.
